APPENDIX A 

Digital Nomad Nation: Rise of a Borderless Generation

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The 2022 Global Digital Nomad Study

The research and data foundation of this book

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About the research methodology of the 2022 Global Digital Nomad Study

To execute the 2022 Global Digital Nomad Study, we interviewed hundreds of digital nomads around the world. We surveyed over 200 additional nomads, collecting over 4000 poll and survey responses from the English-speaking digital nomad community across the globe, which was followed by in-depth data and statistical analysis. Ultimately, the collective data collected and analytical research was distilled into 60+ original statistically significant facts about the global digital nomad community, in addition to several directionally correct insights into the lives and habits of nomads within the global digital nomad community.

The following is a topic-by-topic summary of the most significant insights and statistics collected from the 2022 Global Digital Nomad Study.

Contents of this Research Study Summary

• Where Digital Nomads Live and Travel: Statistics and Research Insights
  • Location Preferences: Factors
  • Location Preferences: Geographies
  • Accommodation and Work Location Preferences
  • Travel and Movement Pattern Statistics
• Work and Career Statistics
  • The most commonly reported jobs among digital nomads are Listed in order of representation
  • Most reported professions and fields of digital nomad business owners
• Digital Nomad Demographic Statistics
  • Sex
  • Ethnicity
  • Age
• Education
• Struggles, Issues, Motivations, and Opportunities Statistics and Insights
• Digital Nomad Personal Finance and Retirement Planning Statistics and Insights

Where Digital Nomads Live and Travel: Statistics and Research Insights

Location Preferences: Factors

• Cost of living and fast, accessible internet are the major factors in choosing a location to most nomads, reported as factor #1 by 56% of nomads
  • Other factors reported as the most important factor of a location to nomads were safety (crime, environmental safety) by 15% of nomads surveyed, access to outdoors and nature by 11% surveyed, DN-friendly visa situation by 9%, and café/coworking culture by 3% surveyed
• 9 of the top 10 preferred city locations for digital nomads are coastal countries that are gateways to their region (major airports and intl. flights) and a gross national income per capita that is less than the average budget of a digital nomad ($1,875 per month)
  • With this insight, we can more accurately identify potential additional locations that fit this profile and predict 1) where DNs will likely proceed when these top 10 locations have become over-saturated and 2) which countries can easily position themselves as potential DN hubs in the future.

Location Preferences: Geographies

• In January 2022, Mexico currently hosted the most digital nomads anywhere in the world, with 14% of nomads reporting Mexico as their current location, while 11% of nomads reported being in Thailand, and 8% of nomads reported being in Portugal
• Mexico, Thailand, Indonesia, Colombia, and Vietnam were reported as the most preferred destination countries by digital nomads in 2022
• The top 10 rated nomad destinations for digital nomads as rated by digital nomads are
  • 1. Mexico
  • 2. Thailand
  • 3. Indonesia
  • 4. Colombia
  • 5. Vietnam
  • 6. Portugal
  • 7. Turkey
  • 8. Costa Rica
  • 9. Brazil
  • 10. Philippines
• Insight: 9 of the top 10 preferred locations for digital nomads are coastal countries that are gateways to their region (major airports and intl. flights) and a gross national income per capita that is less than the average budget of a digital nomad
• Insight: Portugal is the only location in the top 10 most preferred destinations by nomads that misses one of our criteria for a potential digital nomad hub (Portugal’s average income per person is $700 more per year than the average DN’s annual budget). 
• Other notable locations reported by nomads as nomad hubs that follow this trend are southern Italy, Nicaragua, South Africa, Croatia, Egypt, Cambodia, Ecuador, Spain, southern India, and Bulgaria.
• Mexico was rated as the top location for digital nomads by 13% of nomads surveyed, followed by Thailand (12% of nomads surveyed), Indonesia (9% of nomads surveyed), Colombia (7% of nomads surveyed), and Vietnam (5% of nomads surveyed)
• Portugal was rated the top digital nomad location in Western Europe
• Turkey was rated the top digital nomad location in the Middle East
• Croatia was rated the top location in the Balkans and Eastern Europe
• South Africa was rated the top location in Africa for DNs
• Southeast Asia was rated the most popular region for DNs with 34% of the votes, followed by Central America with 16% of the votes and South America with 13% of the votes

Accommodation and Work Location Preferences

• Digital nomads prefer to work at their home or accommodation over anywhere else (23% of nomads surveyed)
• INSIGHT: Many digital nomads stated they were generally willing to pay a substantial additional charge for a guesthouse, BnB, hostel, or hotel properly equipped for work (fast, reliable internet, comfortable chair, desk, plugs, work-conducive atmosphere).
• INSIGHT: 6% of DNs prefer to work in public libraries 🡪 making the perfect circle (clearly, the internet didn’t kill the library)
• INSIGHT: Regardless of whether nomads surveyed preferred a home, coworking, a café, or outdoors, many cited needing to work in a space with other people at least once per week and at most once per day for mental and social health reasons.
• INSIGHT: In this study, digital nomads fell into two groups regarding the preferred workplace. Nomads either required white noise and background energy to stay focused or needed perfect silence for focus and meetings – work location preference correlated accordingly, as 23% of nomads preferred working at home, and 21% of nomads preferred working in coworking spaces.

Travel and Movement Pattern Statistics

• 66% of digital nomads stay in a single place for 3 to 6 months, ideally, with 6 months being the sweet spot for most digital nomads. 80% of nomads prefer to stay in one place for 3 to 9 months
• Six months was commonly reported as the perfect amount of time to be in a “good” nomading location before moving.
• INSIGHT: Tourism boards, governments, accommodation providers, and coworking spaces would be well advised to facilitate a six-month stay to attract digital nomads, visas, short-term lease agreements, and discounts for a 6-month commitment. Alternatively, three-month options with an easy three-month extension (offering the same benefits as a six-month commitment) would attract digital nomads more than any other option.
• 30% of digital nomads on the road have been traveling for two years or less
• 50% of digital nomads on the road have traveled for four years or less
• 30% of digital nomads have been traveling 10+ years
• INSIGHT: In reporting, as nomads reported being “on the road” longer, this correlated with a trend of spending longer in a single location (leaning more towards 9+ months) until they “aged out” of the digital nomad lifestyle.
• INSIGHT: For transitioning/former digital nomads consulted outside of the study, aging out of the Digital Nomad lifestyle generally took one of two paths: 1) becoming a long-term ex-pat in a single country or 2) returning to their home country. Those who took option 1, staying as a long-term ex-pat, still generally traveled but for much shorter periods while using their “ex-pat home” as a base of travel.
• 6.1 years is the average amount of time each digital nomad reported having been abroad as a digital nomad
• 85% of digital nomads have been on the road longer than 1 year

Work and Career Statistics

• 83% of digital nomads are self-employed, while 17% are employed by companies in remote working capacities
• 66% of self-employed digital nomads report owning their own business, while 34% work as freelancers or gig workers
• 51% of digital nomads work in the fields of marketing, computer sciences/IT, design, writing (long form, content writing, and copywriting), and e-commerce
• 14% of digital nomad professions are careers not commonly associated with DNs, such as architecture, medicine, law, urban planning, Engineering
  • Career fields and jobs not commonly associated with digital nomads but were reported multiple times during the study were
    • Architect
    • Accounting / Bookkeeping / Tax Prep
    • Legal
    • Project Management
    • Human Resources / Recruiting
    • Medical Field
    • Psychology/Therapy
    • Engineer
    • Product Management
    • Psychologist
    • Researcher
    • Urban Planner
    • Massage Therapy
    • Mathematician
    • Remote Property Management
    • Real Estate
    • Trademark Lawyer
  • The most interesting job field reported during the study was “virtual game show host.”

The most commonly reported jobs among digital nomads are Listed in order of representation

• • Marketing
    • Marketing – Advertising
    • Marketing – Sales / Business Development
    • Marketing – Affiliate marketing
  • Computer Sciences /IT
    • Computer Sciences /IT –  Data Scientist / Data Engineer
    • Computer Sciences /IT –  Security Engineer / Cybersecurity / Information Security
    • Computer Sciences /IT – Software Engineer /Developer/Coder
    • Computer Sciences /IT – Web Developer
    • Computer Sciences/IT – Network Engineer
    • Computer Sciences/IT – delivering software as a service (SAAS)
  • Design / Graphic / Web Page Design / Document Design /Branding / UX/UI Design
    • Graphic Design – Web Design
    • Graphic Design
  • Content Writer\Copywriter\Writer\Editor
  • eCommerce (including dropshipping)
  • Photographer
  • Teaching (Professors/ Online Traditional Ed.)
    • Teaching – ESL
    • Teaching – Teaching Languages (other than English)
    • Teaching – Traditional Education, Online (Professors, online/homeschooling, etc.)
  • Translator
  • Virtual Assistant / Business Support / Executive Assistant
  • Journalist / Traditional Writer
  • Coaching
  • Videographer
  • Architect
  • Business Consulting/ Business Coaching/Sales Consulting
  • Social Media Management
  • Accounting / Bookkeeping / Tax Prep
  • Legal
  • Project Management
  • Business Analytics / Business Intelligence
  • Human Resources / Recruiting
  • Medical Field
  • Psychology/Therapy
  • SEO
  • Trading (Stocks, FOREX, crypto, etc.)
  • Engineer
  • Entrepreneur/Small Business Owner
  • Product Management
  • Psychologist
  • Researcher
  • Urban Planner
  • Virtual host
    • Virtual host – Virtual Gameshows
    • Virtual host – Workshops
  • Artist
  • Assistant
  • Blogging
  • Digital Media
  • FBA/Dropshipping
  • Fitness services
  • Insurance
  • Massage Therapy
  • Mathematician
  • Nutritionist / Health Coaching
  • Online Education (Subset)
  • Podcast editing and production
  • PR
  • Remote Property Management
  • Retired
  • Real Estate
  • Trademark Lawyer
  • Vlogger

Most reported professions and fields of digital nomad business owners

• E-Commerce
• Coaching
• Agency (Creative, marketing, sales)
• Marketing
• Translation Services
• Teaching
• Podcast Editing/Production
• Virtual Assistant
• Virtual Host
• SAAS (Software as a service)
• Social Media Management
• Graphic Design / Visual branding
• Videography, Video Editing, Video Production
• Product management
• Coding
• Business Consulting Services
• Real Estate Sales
• Stock Trading
• Personal Fitness Training
• Web Design
• Engineering
• Web Development
• Photo Editing
• SEO
• Human Resources
• Insurance
• Medical Writing
• Architecture
• Writing/Editing
• Therapy/Counseling

Digital Nomad Demographic Statistics

Sex:

• 50.19% Male
• 49.8% Female

Ethnicity Breakout:

• 76% white (European descent)
• 10% Latino/Hispanic
• 8% Asian/Pacific Islander
• 6% Black (African descent)

Age:

The average age for digital nomads was 40 in this study

Though 61% of respondents reported starting their journey as a nomad in their 20’s, 39% reported starting at 30 or later.

In 2022, Ages 29, 33, and 39 are the most common among DNs and evenly comprise 23% of all digital nomads

Age breakout by decade

• 20’s – 14%
• 30’s – 47%
• 40’s – 16%
• 50’s – 19%
• 60’s – 4%
• 70’s – 1%

The oldest (and most impressive) digital nomad reported in the study was 72 years old

Education:

• 53% of digital nomads are self-taught in their current profession, which is their source of income, and believe they could have done so without traditional education
• 45% of digital nomads credit traditional education, university, college, or a vocational school for directly training them for their current nomad profession or providing an essential foundation in a way they could not have achieved on their own
• 2% of digital nomads were trained in their current profession as a digital nomad during time served in the military
• 29.6% of digital nomads have no higher education, 26% of digital nomads have an undergraduate degree, 37% of digital nomads have a graduate degree, and 7.4% of digital nomads have a Ph.D. or MD

Based on the data and responses from this study, traditional education was valued by nomads who:

• Require credentials for their career (engineering, medicine, therapy, etc.)
• Work in fields where results are difficult to display (app developers vs. Public Relations managers)
• I need it to get the first job (which is common for data scientists, computer scientists, etc.).
• Needed a structured approach to learning critical analysis and building foundational knowledge to support analytical skills
• Beyond these circumstances, most digital nomads could teach themselves the skills and display their abilities via prior results on small projects or turn the newly learned skills into freelance work or a small business.

Struggles, Issues, Motivations, and Opportunities Statistics and Insights

• Loneliness, missing family & friends, and lack of connection are the #1 reason digital nomads return home
• Traveler fatigue and long-term culture shock are the #2 reason why digital nomads return home
• The #1 struggle for nomads while traveling is retaining old clients/customers and finding new clients/customers

The remaining four of the top five struggles for digital nomads on the road (in order from most to least important) were:

• Handling special tax issues as a digital nomad
• Medical issues and medical insurance issues
• Loneliness
• Availability of items that are commonly available at home

These five pain points are the most significant in the lives of digital nomads and are valuable to 1) inform digital nomads of the major issues they can preemptively plan for now and 2) inform service providers to nomads of the major problems that DNs need solutions for an

• INSIGHT: Though digital nomads strive for locational freedom, as the brand suggests, for most digital nomads, this location freedom is a means to an end – usually lifestyle freedom (time, activities), geo-arbitrage, work flexibility, and lastly, travel, but usually the expressed driver is a mix of all of these

Digital Nomad Personal Finance and Retirement Planning Statistics and Insights

• 35% of nomads use real estate investment as their primary retirement vehicle
• 23% of nomads are using stocks as their primary retirement vehicle in both private and tax-deferred/retirement accounts
• 10% of nomads are investing in cryptocurrency as their primary retirement investment vehicle
• 10% of nomads cite FIRE in their retirement planning strategy and intend to retire early
• 3% of nomads keep only cash (no other investments)
• 4% of nomads plan on working until they die. This approach was chosen primarily due to a lack of savings and the lack of retirement plans or investments.

On the Inaccuracies in Perception of the Average DN within the media, pop culture, and research

Most research studies have suffered from several data-skewing biases that misrepresent the profile of the nomad to be, as mentioned before, primarily, a young professional white male when, in actuality, the average nomad has the skin tone, educational background, professional situation, and origin story aligned more to most digital nomads than the media portrayal of a European nomad on a beach.

Travel the world for a few months between the nomad population centers in southern Europe, the Balkans, Asia, Egypt, South Africa, and southern South America. It will become very clear that the existing literature and research into digital nomads incorrectly paints the persona of the digital nomad, likely due to location and access-based biases.

Visiting a coworking space in Bali vs. a coworking space in Chiang Mai vs. A coworking space in Argentina will produce wildly different demographics. A coworking space in Buenos will likely be filled, almost exclusively by Latin Americans. However, I’ve personally encountered more nomads of color in South America than in Europe or Asia. Unfortunately, digital nomad clusters in Europe and Southeast Asia are more commonly researched by academics and targeted by the commercial complex than nomad clusters in southern South America and Africa.

Despite the stereotype that nomads practically live in coworking spaces, for most nomads, coworking spaces and cafes aren’t conducive to productive work, with only 21% of them preferring to work in coworking spaces [1]. A majority of the nomad population will not show up to the assumed “workplaces” of coworking and cafe spaces that most researchers are expecting to find nomads in for most of the periods that they do their work – thus effectively omitting these other “hidden nomads” from the sample population of research.

Moreover, digital nomad cultures “observed and visible” by the mainstream media and researchers exist strongly in places segregated in the global north, so nomads in populations such as Africa and southern South America, as well as Central Asia and Eastern Europe, which are less accessible geographically, linguistically, culturally, and socially than countries of the global north in the western hemisphere, are commonly overlooked.

How other research into digital nomads has come up short

The convenience sampling bias for most researchers targets international nomad hotspots like Chiang Mai and Bali while excluding regional nomad centers such as Buenos Aires and Bangalore.

The geographical biases, unfortunately, limit the research to the researcher’s own country or region, such as targeting only digital nomads in Germany or the US instead of researching the global population for profile insights.

The WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) bias, an in-group bias, involves many researchers instinctively targeting people like them. This bias, combined with the fact that most good research into the digital nomad population has come from large multinational consultancies or renowned Western universities, makes it understandable that researchers target the WEIRD profile as it is accessible and understandable. However, it taints the resulting “profile” from being representative of the sample taken from a pool of global citizens compared to taking a sample from an accessible population. In the future, cooperation between consultancies and universities covering all regions would be greatly beneficial if we could understand the profile of the digital nomad without bias towards a specific background.

The Limitations of the 2022 Global Digital Nomad Study

A key statistic that still sticks out from this research is, based on the statistics from hundreds of surveys, 76% of digital nomad respondents identified as “white” (of European descent).

Nomads from China, India, Africa, and Latin America, though represented more in the 2022 Global Digital Nomad Study than other studies, were still underrepresented in this study (beyond anecdotes) and in this book.

From countless group dinners, tours, coworking spaces, and cafes in South America, the Middle East, Asia, and the Balkans, I know, with my gut informed by insights from wandering coworking spaces and nomad events in hundreds of cities, that this metric does not properly paint the picture of the global digital nomad.

I’ve followed up personally with nomadic friends from India and the Middle East as they wandered through surf towns in Morocco and resort-filled areas of Egypt next to the Red Sea, leveraging beautiful destinations that are kinder to “weaker passports.”

Herein lies the limitations of the 2022 Global Digital Nomad Study: Accounting for language differences and accounting for regional differences in China, India, and South America as home territories and a place to travel for intranational/intraregional nomads.

The limitations of the study are in including nomads in the study from large regions wherein English is a less commonly used language, strong evidence of regional digital nomadism, and or effectively insulated nomad communities (e.g., China, India, western Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, and intra-South America regional digital nomads). This point does not nullify the data observed on the more “visible” digital nomad population globally in the Global Digital Nomad Study. Still, it implies that a true representation of the “average” digital nomad globally would be “more of color,” more Asian/Latin American, African.

As such, in the future, we will take on a follow-up study, the Global Digital Nomad Study 2.0, incorporating advocates in these communities, as well as more on-the-ground research in China, Africa, and South America, to gain a better perspective on nomads across all regions.

The Digital Nomads Overlooked in this study and wider research…but to be included in the next.

Though the 2022 Global Digital Nomad Study was the most expansive study on digital nomads at the time, all things can be improved. As such, the follow-up study will aim for improvement not only with a larger sample size but also by targeting regions that clearly have a healthy digital nomad population but are underrepresented in the research.

The regions to be targeted with a significant sample size of surveys and on-the-ground research are:

• South America: Aiming to include primarily Spanish-speaking digital nomads that roam the region primarily interacting with non-English speaking digital nomads in the 442 million people-strong autonomous trade zone of MERCOSUR
• China: Aiming to research throughout the expansive and dense territory of China to find other nomads (besides our new friend Will) that nomad within China among the 1.4 billion Chinese or in countries nearby and interacting in languages other than English
• Africa: It is difficult to get a full picture of the digital nomad communities in Africa among its 1.37 billion population without exploring on the ground due to massive boundary, cultural, and language differences that make accessibility to (primarily) English-speaking researchers, unfamiliar with the cultural ties and “traveler flow” of Africa. As such, on-the-ground research is planned to build connections and map online communities to power African representation in The Global Digital Nomad Study 2.0
• India: Similar to Africa and China in a compact way, the 121 hundred languages and 19,500 different dialects in 36 states and territories are home to 1.4 billion people with vastly different ethnicities and cultures against a backdrop of a highly capable, adaptable, and innovative workforce make this a source of digital nomads, currently only limited by passport and purchasing power (overcome by deals across borders). However, domestic digital nomadism is alive and well in India.

Why will these countries be significant for the follow-up study

• Population size of each: All of these countries match or dwarf the EU (449 million) and North America (375 million), making them significant contributors to the digital nomad community now and in the future as global politics and the economic landscape change.
• Opportunity for advocacy and connecting the global digital nomad community: Identifying where and how digital nomads live in these countries will better connect them, as comrades and advocates in their home country, to digital nomads from the northern hemisphere.
• Makes governments and private sector parties more aware of existing opportunities with the digital nomad community in their home country

 

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APPENDIX B

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Digital Nomad Nation Resources

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This is a list of free resources for members of the digital nomad nation – nomads, aspiring nomads, and partners – to find essential information on how to get started, where to go, how to connect with other nomads, and find answers to their questions.

The needs of the individual nomad and the best solution are evolving as quickly as the nomad nation itself is. As such, this resource list aims not to answer questions or solve problems here directly. Instead, it provides links to constantly detailed, constantly updated resources.

If the problem you seek to solve is not answered here, feel free to reach out with questions to [email protected].

Primary Digital Nomad Nation Resource List

• www.ABrotherAbroad.com/Digital-Nomad-Nation-Book-Resources

Where to Base

• https://abrotherabroad.com/best-cities-for-digital-nomads/

Cost of Living Planning

• https://abrotherabroad.com/cheapest-cities-to-live-in-the-world/
• https://abrotherabroad.com/cost-of-living-by-country/

How to Connect with Other Nomads

• https://abrotherabroad.com/digital-nomad-communities/

Logistics

• https://abrotherabroad.com/how-to-become-a-digital-nomad/
• https://abrotherabroad.com/visas/
• https://abrotherabroad.com/digital-nomad-visa-remote-worker-visa/
• https://abrotherabroad.com/digital-nomad-jobs/

Financial Aspects of Travel and Nomading

• https://abrotherabroad.com/how-to-become-financially-independent/
• https://abrotherabroad.com/personal-finance-tools-digital-nomads-travelers-expats/

Where to Wander

• https://abrotherabroad.com/the-backpacking-trails-of-the-world/
• https://abrotherabroad.com/travel/
• https://abrotherabroad.com/backpacking-south-america-routes/
• https://abrotherabroad.com/balkans-itinerary/
• https://abrotherabroad.com/southeast-asia-itinerary-3-months/
• https://abrotherabroad.com/moving-to-country-guides/
• https://abrotherabroad.com/the-micro-backpacking-trails/

Don’t see what you want? Request a resource!

Communication, information sharing, and adaptiveness underpin the future growth and success of the Digital Nomad Nation. If you need a resource but do not see it here, there is a strong chance many other nomads need that resource, answer, or solution as well, and we need to fix that.

Contact [email protected] to request an additional resource (free, of course) to help solve your problem and get you joining and contributing to the Digital Nomad Nation asap.

 

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APPENDIX C

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References

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